PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Permian of China	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
							Planulata									179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
							Kanense									181.3 *
							Carlottense									182.3 *
							Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae									184.2
							Freboldi									185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †							Laoshanian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †							Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			Emsian				393.3
		Pragian	Pragian			Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
										Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
										Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian									Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian									Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian										Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
												Raikkula		439.4 *
										Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
		Rhuddanian										Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
		Katian												445.2
		Sandbian												453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian												477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †						Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
																538.8