PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of China		Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of China	Permian of the Russian Platform
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †										254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian											Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
													Filipovian	276.5 *
													Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian										Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
													Irginian	285.9 *
													Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian				Bursumian †						Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
													Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Virgilian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
					Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian			Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan				315.2
					Morrowan				318.4 *
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian	330.9
								Jiusian	335 *
					Meramecian				335.8 *
			Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		Tangbagouan			346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		Tangbagouan			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian						Paibian				494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian		Drumian					500.5	Wangcunian †
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian			Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian				530.7
														538.8