PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Villanyian			Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian										Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean														3.6
				Zanclean													Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian										Turolian				7.246
														Vallesian				8.7
														Vallesian			Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian										Astaracian			Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian										Astaracian			Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian										Orleanian			Shanwangian	15.98
														Orleanian			Xiejiaan	16.9
														Agenian				20
				Aquitanian										Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Vokhmian					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									Vokhmian					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian									Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
				Roadian									Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †			298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †			303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						Topazan			504.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						Delamaran			506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4									Dyeran			511 *
			Stage 3									Dyeran			514
												Montezuman			514.8 *
												Begadean			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											1200			Yurmatian
		Ectasian											Burzyan			1375
																		1400