PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian										Epizigzagiceras				168.2
		Bajocian										Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
		Aalenian										Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
												Planulata				179.3 *
												Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
												Kanense				181.3 *
												Carlottense				182.3 *
												Kunae				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian										Kunae				184.2
												Freboldi				185.1 *
												Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
													Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
												Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis			190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
												Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
												Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian										Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan													Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian									Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
						Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian	254.14
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
					Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian		264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb	266.9
		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian				427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian				429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				St Davids		497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																538.8