PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean							Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean										0.0004
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean										0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean										0.129
									Irvingtonian										0.21
																	Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian															0.774
									Blancan										1.4
																	Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian													Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian													Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian													Waipipian		3
				Zanclean													Waipipian		3.6
																	Opoitian		3.7
									Hemphillian								Opoitian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian													Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian														Pannonian	7.246
									Clarendonian										9.4
																Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian														Sarmatian	11.63
									Barstovian									Sarmatian	12.5
																		Badenian	12.8 *
																	Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian													Lillburnian		13.82
																	Clifdenian		15.1
																Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian															15.98
									Hemingfordian										16.3
									Arikareean										18.5
																	Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian													Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Waitakian		23.03
																	Duntroonian		25.2
																	Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
									Whitneyan										29.5
									Orellan										31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian										33.9
																Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																	Kaiatan		36.7
									Duchesnean										37
				Bartonian															37.71
																	Bortonian		39.1
									Uintan										39.7
				Lutetian															41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																	Heretaungan		45.7
									Bridgerian										46.2
				Ypresian															47.8
																	Mangaorapan		48.9
									Wasatchian								Mangaorapan		50.5
									Wasatchian								Waipawan		52
									Clarkforkian								Waipawan		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian								Teurian		56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian										56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian										59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian										60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian										61.6
Puercan	63.8			Danian
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian						86.3
			Turonian						89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic		Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian					Korangan	113
			Aptian						117.5
			Barremian						121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian			125.77
			Valanginian						132.6
			Berriasian						139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
			Induan						251.2
			Induan						Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai	251.902
										252.4 *
									Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian						Chhidru	Longtanian †	254.14
									Kalabagh		255 *
									Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian								Wordian	264.28
												265.3 *
									Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian						Amb		Roadian	266.9
			Roadian								Roadian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian									Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian									Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian									Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian									Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
			Kasimovian										303.7
			Moscovian										307
			Bashkirian										315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
			Visean										330.9
			Tournaisian										346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †					443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †					445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian			477.7
						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
						Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †					Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian							489.5
							Aksaian							490.7 *
							Sakian							492.2 *
			Paibian											494
			Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian							497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian							499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian							500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		Amgan/Solvan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan					509
										Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
										Botomian					512.5 *
Stage 3			514							Botomian
Stage 3			Atdabanian										515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635