PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Britain				Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian													0.0117
				Chibanian					Lujanian													0.129
				Chibanian					Ensenadan													0.3 *
				Calabrian					Ensenadan													0.774
				Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
				Gelasian					Sanandresian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Vorohuean													2.58
				Piacenzian					Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
				Zanclean					Chapadmalalan													3.6
									Montehermosan													3.7 *
									Huayquerian													4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
									Chasicoan													7.9 *
									Mayoan													9.9 *
									Laventan													10.9 *
				Serravallian					Laventan													11.63
				Serravallian					Colloncuran													13.7 *
				Langhian					Colloncuran													13.82
				Langhian					Friasian													15.4 *
				Burdigalian					Friasian													15.98
									Santacrucian													16.2 *
									Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
				Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian													20.44
				Aquitanian					Deseadan													20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
				Rupelian																		27.82
				Rupelian					Tinguirirican													28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian					Tinguirirican													33.9
				Priabonian					Divisaderan													35.9 *
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Lutetian					Mustersan													41.9 *
				Ypresian					Mustersan													47.8
				Ypresian					Casamayoran													47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Riochican													56
									Itaboraian													56.9 *
									Peligran													58.9 *
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
				Danian					Tiupampan													62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian			Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill		Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan		Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
										Rawtheyan		Richmondian				446 *
					Cautleyan				448.9 *
					Pusgillian				449.3 *
					Pusgillian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
					Caradoc			Streffordian					Onnian †		449.6 *
												Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian				450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
								Cheneyan								451.5 *
								Burrellian								452.7 *
			Sandbian													453
													Actonian †			453.2 *
												Turinian	Actonian †			453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †				455.2 *
								Aurelucian									456.8 *
											Whiterockian				Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
										Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
			Dapingian										Dapingian					467.3
					Arenig			Fennian										468.4 *
												Rangerian						469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
								Whitlandian				Blackhillsian							471.1 *
								Whitlandian				Tulean							473.9 *
								Moridunian											474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian										Xinchangian	477.7
														Lianghekou †					477.9 *
												Stairsian							480.3 *
Cressagian								480.8 *				Stairsian
Cressagian								Skullrockian				Demingian †					482 *
					485 *							Demingian †
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
			Stage 10														487.5
			Jiangshanian														489.5
			Paibian														494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Series 3 †	497
			Drumian															500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4															509
		Series 2	Stage 3															514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																		635
			Tonian																		720
			Tonian																	Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
			Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian																	Burzyan	1375
																						1400