PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Zechstein																	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes																	259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †																298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †																303.7
		Kasimovian																					305.9
		Moscovian																					307
		Bashkirian																					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																					323.2
		Visean																					330.9
		Tournaisian																					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
			Richmondian							446 *	Chientangkiangian
			Richmondian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Maysvillian										Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
			Edenian											450.4 *
			Mohawkian						Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian					453
									Turinian					453.7 *
			Whiterockian										Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian								Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian	Dapingian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
		Floian							Tulean						Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian													Ungurian	Xinchangian	477.7
												Lianghekou †					477.9 *
									Stairsian								480.3 *
									Skullrockian					Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10																Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Jiangshanian			489.5
													Aksaian								490.7 *
													Sakian								492.2 *
																				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																Paibian			494
		Paibian																Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †				Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian																		Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian															Zhanaarykian			Drumian		500.5
		Drumian															Tuesaian			Drumian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †													Tuesaian	Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
																		Topazan				505.3
																		Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4																	Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
																	Toyonian					510 *
																	Toyonian	Dyeran				511 *
																	Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3																		Nangaoian		514
																		Montezuman				514.8 *
						Atdabanian											515.6 *	Montezuman
						Atdabanian											Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	Meishucunian											521
		Stage 2																525.5
		Fortunian																529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian											530.7
																							538.8