PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian											Pannonian	7.246
				Serravallian											Sarmatian	11.63
				Serravallian											Badenian	12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian				66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic				100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan		150
														Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan		176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan		184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
				Norian										Warepan		208.5
														Otamitan		217
														Oretian		221
				Carnian										Oretian		227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan		237
				Ladinian										Etalian		238
				Anisian										Etalian		242
				Anisian										Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian		247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian			Leine		Flettian		264.28
								Barettian		266
									Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian						Murgabian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian						Kubergandian	273.01
								Mangapirian	Kubergandian	276
									Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
								Telfordian		285
								Telfordian	Yakhtashian	286
									Yakhtashian	288.5
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian						Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian							470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian							477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean													2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
																4600