PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian							Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean							Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian							Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian							Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian							Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian				20
				Aquitanian							Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan						Kathwai					251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Kathwai					251.902
															252.4 *
										Chhidru					252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian		Chhidru					254.14
										Kalabagh					255 *
										Wargal					256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian							259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
										Amb					266.1 *
								Murgabian							266.2 *
				Roadian											266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian		443.8
			Katian						Bolindian		445.2
									Eastonian		449 *
									Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian		470
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian						Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400