PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of China			Devonian of France	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian										259.51
				Wordian				Midian										264.28
				Wordian				Murgabian										266.2 *
				Roadian				Murgabian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian										273.01
				Kungurian				Bolorian										279.8
				Artinskian				Bolorian										283.5
				Artinskian				Yakhtashian										286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian			290.1
Asselian				Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian					305.9
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Kralodvorian		449.5
											Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
									Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian						Arenigian				470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
			Drumian													500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †										504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
		Series 2	Stage 3													514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															1000
		Ectasian															1200
		Calymmian															1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian															1600
		Orosirian															1800
		Rhyacian															2050
		Siderian															2300
Archean	Neoarchean																2500
	Mesoarchean																2800
	Paleoarchean																3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																		4600