PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian						7.246
		Serravallian									Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian									Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Senonian	66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														Gallic	100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian														Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †									Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian						Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian						Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian										264.28
		Wordian					Urzhumian								Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
							Filipovian										276.5 *
							Filipovian								Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
							Saraninian										280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian						Autunian				283.5
							Irginian										285.9 *
							Irginian								Rusavkinian		287.6 *
							Burtsevian										287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian	303.7
								Khamovnikian	304.8
								Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian	307
								Podolskian	308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian	315.2
								Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Prikamian	318.6 *
								Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
			Voznesenian					321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian					323.2
			Protvian					324.4 *
			Steshevian					326.8 *
			Tarusian					329 *
		Visean	Venevian					330.9
			Mikhailovian					331.9 *
			Aleksinian					333.7 *
			Tulian					335.8 *
			Bobrikian					339.9 *
			Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian					346.7
			Kizelian					350.7 *
			Cherepetian					351.9 *
			Karakubian					354.4 *
			Upinian					356.3 *
			Malevkian					357.6 *
			Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian							Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							Pusgillian	449.5
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
								Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian	467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian		Fennian	470
						Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
						Migneintian	Lianghekou †		477.9 *
						Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian	489.5
		Paibian							Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	Mindyallan	497
										Mindyallan	Arcadian			498.4
										Boomerangian				499
		Drumian								Undillan				500.5
		Drumian								Floran				503
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †				Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †				Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian			Ordian	509
		Stage 4													510.8 *
		Stage 3													514
		Stage 3									Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8