PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127456 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras													168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
								Planulata													179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
								Kanense													181.3 *
								Carlottense													182.3 *
								Kunae													183.5 *
				Pliensbachian				Kunae													184.2
								Freboldi													185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
				Sinemurian																	192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
				Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			Adorf				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian				Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian				Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian				Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian									Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian									Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian									Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10													Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian													Paibian			494
			Paibian													Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian													Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †										Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †										Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
			Stage 4													Dyeran		Duyunian		511 *
			Stage 3													Dyeran		Nangaoian		514
																Montezuman				514.8 *
									Begadean							519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian					529								Meishucunian
			Fortunian					Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																					635