PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6														0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
				Chibanian																		0.129
				Calabrian																		0.774
				Gelasian																		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5														11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian				Cenozoic 3										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2														41.2
				Ypresian				Cenozoic 2											Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1										Gashatan				56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8														66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7														72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6														83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4														100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3														113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2														121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2														125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1														132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6														145
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5														149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4														165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4														168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3														174.7
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2														184.2
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1														192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4														201.4
				Norian				Triassic 4														208.5
				Carnian				Triassic 3														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †																254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian				Permian 3														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2														273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian				Permian 1													Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5													Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian			303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian			305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian			Carboniferous 4	307
Moscovian				Atokan				312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan				315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan				318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Harju		Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg									473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						477.7
	Varangu					481.3 *
	Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian			Paibian									494
			Paibian			Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Cambrian 4				Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian			Cambrian 4				Drumian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3			Wuliuan/Taijangian			Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Wuliuan/Taijangian			Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian		Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
			Stage 4										Duyunian			Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3							Cambrian 2			Nangaoian			Dyeran	514
																Montezuman	514.8 *
																Begadean	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian				Cambrian 1			529			Meishucunian
			Fortunian				Cambrian 1			Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
																						635