PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6													0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5													11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3													33.9
				Bartonian				Cenozoic 3													37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2													41.2
				Ypresian				Cenozoic 2													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1													56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8													66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7													72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6													83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4													100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3													113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2													121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2													125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1													132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6													145
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5													149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4													165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4													168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3													174.7
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2													184.2
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1													192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4													201.4
				Norian				Triassic 4													208.5
				Carnian				Triassic 3													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian				Permian 3													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2													273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian				Permian 1													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5													298.9
Kasimovian				303.7				Carboniferous 5
Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			307
Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4			315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Silurian 2				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian		Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
			Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Harju			Porkuni			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Vormsi			Kralodvorian		449.6 *
								Vormsi			Berounian		449.7 *
								Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
					Viru			Rakvere						450.6 *
								Oandu						452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Keila					Idavere †	453
								Haljala						453.9
								Haljala						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Kukruse								456.4 *
								Uhaku					Aluoja †			457.5 *
												Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3												458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Lasnamagi			Dobrotivian					458.9 *
								Lasnamagi			Oretanian					459.7 *
								Aseri								460.4 *
								Aseri				Sarka †				461.7 *
					Oeland			Kunda								462.9 *
								Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
								Billingen									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian														470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg									473.7 *
	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Tremadocian				Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Pakerort		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan				489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					Cambrian 4					Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4					Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3					Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †										Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4																Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3											Cambrian 2					Dyeran	514
																		Montezuman	514.8 *
																		Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian					Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau												1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian												1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian												1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan												1375
																					1400