PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian					0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian					0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan					0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean					2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan					3.6
					Montehermosan					3.7 *
					Huayquerian					4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian						5.333
				Tortonian						7.246
					Chasicoan					7.9 *
					Mayoan					9.9 *
					Laventan					10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan					11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran					13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran					13.82
				Langhian	Friasian					15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian					15.98
					Santacrucian					16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian					20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan					20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
				Rupelian						27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican					28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican					33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Bartonian						37.71
				Lutetian						41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan					41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan					47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran					47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican					56
					Itaboraian					56.9 *
					Peligran					58.9 *
				Selandian						59.2
				Danian						61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan					62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian		485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian		497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
										1400