PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian							0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian							0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan							0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan							0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean							2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan							3.6
					Montehermosan							3.7 *
					Huayquerian							4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
					Chasicoan							7.9 *
					Mayoan							9.9 *
					Laventan							10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan							11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran							13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran							13.82
				Langhian	Friasian							15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian							15.98
					Santacrucian							16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian							20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan							20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
				Rupelian								27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican							28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican							33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan							35.9 *
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan							41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan							47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran							47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican							56
					Itaboraian							56.9 *
					Peligran							58.9 *
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan							62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian				453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400