PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian					0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan					0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan					3.6
			Montehermosan					3.7 *
			Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
			Chasicoan					7.9 *
			Mayoan					9.9 *
			Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan					11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian	Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian					15.98
			Santacrucian					16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
		Rupelian						27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican					33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan					35.9 *
		Bartonian						37.71
		Lutetian						41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan					47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran					47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican					56
			Itaboraian					56.9 *
			Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan		150
						Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian				Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian			427.4
	Wenlock	Homerian	Whitwellian			429.7 *
								430.5