PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Britain				Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian															0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian															0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan															0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan															0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †														1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean															2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan															2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan															3.6
					Montehermosan															3.7 *
					Huayquerian															4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
					Chasicoan															7.9 *
					Mayoan															9.9 *
					Laventan															10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan															11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran															13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran															13.82
				Langhian	Friasian															15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian															15.98
					Santacrucian															16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian															17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian															20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan															20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
				Rupelian																27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican															28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican															33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan															35.9 *
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan															41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan															47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran															47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican															56
					Itaboraian															56.9 *
					Peligran															58.9 *
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan															62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan		Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
							Rawtheyan		Richmondian				446 *
					Cautleyan		448.9 *
					Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Pusgillian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
					Caradoc	Streffordian						Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian					450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
						Cheneyan								451.5 *
						Burrellian								452.7 *
			Sandbian											453
												Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Aurelucian									456.8 *
								Whiterockian					Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
										Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
			Dapingian								Dapingian					467.3
					Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
									Rangerian							469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
						Whitlandian			Blackhillsian								471.1 *
						Whitlandian			Tulean								473.9 *
						Moridunian											474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian										Xinchangian	477.7
												Lianghekou †					477.9 *
									Stairsian								480.3 *
Cressagian						480.8 *			Stairsian
Cressagian						Skullrockian			Demingian †						482 *
									Demingian †						485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
			Stage 10													487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
			Paibian													494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
			Drumian													500.5
			Wuliuan													504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
		Series 2	Stage 3													514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian															Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
			Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
			Calymmian																1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian	1600
			Orosirian	1800
			Rhyacian	2050
			Siderian	2300
	Archean	Neoarchean		2500
		Mesoarchean		2800
		Paleoarchean		3200
		Eoarchean		3600
	Hadean			4000
																				4600