International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
- J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | South American Land Mammal Ages | Silurian Ages of Europe | Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand | Permian of the Salt Range | European Faunal Units | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Lujanian | 0.0117 | ||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Ensenadan | 0.3 * | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Sanandresian | Uquian † | 1.7 * | ||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Vorohuean | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||
| Chapadmalalan | 2.9 * | |||||||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Montehermosan | 3.7 * | |||||||||
| Huayquerian | 4.9 * | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Chasicoan | 7.9 * | |||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Mayoan | 9.9 * | |||||||||
| Laventan | 10.9 * | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||||
| Colloncuran | 13.7 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Friasian | 15.4 * | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Santacrucian | 16.2 * | |||||||||
| Colhuehuapian | 17.4 * | |||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Deseadan | 20.9 * | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Tinguirirican | 28.9 * | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | ||||||||
| Divisaderan | 35.9 * | |||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Mustersan | 41.9 * | |||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Casamayoran | 47.9 * | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Riochican | 56 | |||||||
| Itaboraian | 56.9 * | |||||||||
| Peligran | 58.9 * | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Tiupampan | 62.4 * | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Oteke | Puaroan | 145 | |||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Kawhia | Ohauan | 150 | ||||||||
| Heterian | 154.5 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Temaikan | 164.3 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
| Herangi | Ururoan | 176 | ||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Aratauran | 188.9 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Balfour | Otapirian | 201.4 | |||||
| Norian | Warepan | 208.5 | ||||||||
| Otamitan | 217 | |||||||||
| Oretian | 221 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Gore | Kaihikuan | 227.5 | ||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Etalian | 238 | |||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Malakovian | 246 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Nelsonian | 249 | |||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| DUrville | Makarewan | Kathwai | 251.5 * | |||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
| 252.4 * | ||||||||||
| Chhidru | 252.9 * | |||||||||
| Waiitian | 253.2 | |||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Puruhauan | 254.2 | |||||||||
| Kalabagh | 255 * | |||||||||
| Wargal | 256 * | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Aparima | Flettian | 259.51 | ||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||
| 265.3 * | ||||||||||
| Barettian | 266 | |||||||||
| Amb | 266.1 * | |||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| 270.7 * | ||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Mangapirian | 276 | |||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Telfordian | 285 | |||||||||
| 288.5 | ||||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | Gleedonian | 427.4 | |||||||
| Whitwellian | 429.7 * | |||||||||
| 430.5 | ||||||||||