PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian											0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian											0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan											0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan											0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †										1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean											2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan											2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan											3.6
					Montehermosan											3.7 *
					Huayquerian											4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
					Chasicoan											7.9 *
					Mayoan											9.9 *
					Laventan											10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan											11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran											13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran											13.82
				Langhian	Friasian											15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian											15.98
					Santacrucian											16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian											17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan											20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican											28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican											33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan											35.9 *
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan											41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan											47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran											47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican											56
					Itaboraian											56.9 *
					Peligran											58.9 *
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan											62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian			66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic			100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		Dorashamian	251.902
							252.4 *
				Chhidru			252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	254.14
				Kalabagh				255 *
				Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Midian	259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
							Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian					266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian			Autunian	Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian				Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian					Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635