PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian											0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian											0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan											0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan											0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †										1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean											2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan											2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan											3.6
					Montehermosan											3.7 *
					Huayquerian											4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
					Chasicoan											7.9 *
					Mayoan											9.9 *
					Laventan											10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan											11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran											13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran											13.82
				Langhian	Friasian											15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian											15.98
					Santacrucian											16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian											17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian											20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan											20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican											28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican											33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan											35.9 *
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan											41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan											47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran											47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican											56
					Itaboraian											56.9 *
					Peligran											58.9 *
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan											62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan						150
										Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
Herangi				Toarcian			Ururoan	176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
				Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour			Otapirian	201.4
			Norian				Warepan	208.5
						Otamitan	217
						Oretian	221
			Carnian			Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore		Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian			Etalian	238
			Anisian			Etalian	242
			Anisian			Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
			Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
						Puruhauan	254.2
						Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian		Aparima		Flettian	259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian				Flettian	264.28
			Wordian	Urzhumian				Barettian	266
			Roadian	Kazanian			Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian			Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
							Irenian/Ufimian	Mangapirian	276
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian		283.5
							Sarginian	Telfordian	285
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
							Burtsevian		288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian		Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian		Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian						Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian		Chesterian	330.9
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian									Siegen	407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien					Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
		Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
			Aeronian										438.5
			Rhuddanian										440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
Drumian			500.5
Wuliuan			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400