PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian Epochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian								0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian								0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan								0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan								0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean								2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan								3.6
					Montehermosan								3.7 *
					Huayquerian								4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
					Chasicoan								7.9 *
					Mayoan								9.9 *
					Laventan								10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan								11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran								13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran								13.82
				Langhian	Friasian								15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian								15.98
					Santacrucian								16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian								20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan								20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican								28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican								33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan								35.9 *
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan								41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan								47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran								47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican								56
					Itaboraian								56.9 *
					Peligran								58.9 *
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan								62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian				Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian			Kuhfengian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian			Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian			Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian			Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian			Zisongian	Bursumian †		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian		Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian						Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian						Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian		Chesterian	330.9
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen					407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian					Arcadian			498.4
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian		Early Cambrian	509
			Stage 3					Branchian			514
			Stage 3	Placentian				517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400