International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
  • J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleNorth American Mammal Subages/ZonesEuropean Faunal ZonesPermian of Western EuropeCretaceous-Cenozoic of New ZealandCentral Paratethys StagesCambrian of BritainCambrian of KazakhstanPrecambrian of Russia
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanWanganuiHaweran0
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneSheridanian0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Cudahyan/Sappan0.21
Castlecliffian0.34
Calabrian0.774
Senecan/Rexroadian1.4
Nukumaruan1.63
GelasianMN 171.8
Mangapanian2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianMN 162.58
Waipipian3
MN 153.2
Zanclean3.6
Opoitian3.7
MN 144.2
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian4.7
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinianTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
TortonianMN 12Pannonian7.246
MN 117.75
MN 108.7
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian9.4
MN 99.7
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
MN 7 + 811.1
SerravallianSarmatian11.63
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian12.5
MN 6Badenian12.8 *
Lillburnian13.05
LanghianMN 513.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
BurdigalianMN 415.98
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian16.3
MN 316.9
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early ArikareeanHarrisonian18.5
Otaian18.7
MN 220
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Monroecreekian23.1 *
Geringian24.7 *
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
Rupelian27.82
29.5
EocenePriabonianLate Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian33.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Kaiatan36.7
37
Bartonian37.71
Bortonian39.1
Late Uintan/Early Uintan39.7
Lutetian41.2
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian46.2
Ypresian47.8
Mangaorapan48.9
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean50.5
Waipawan52
Cf3/Cf2/Cf154.9
PaleoceneThanetianTeurian56
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti156.2
Selandian59.2
To3/To2/To160.9
Danian61.6
Pu3/Pu2/Pu163.8
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianMataHaumurian66
Campanian72.1
SantonianPiripauan83.6
RaukumaraTeratan86.1
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Mangaotanean90.5
Arowhanan93.7
Cenomanian93.9
ClarenceNgaterian95.2
Motuan99.5
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Urutawan103.3
TaitaiKorangan108.4
Aptian113
117.5
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
WuchiapingianZechstein254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianRotliegendes259.51
Wordian264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
ArtinskianAutunian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Kasimovian303.7
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Visean330.9
Tournaisian346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantian443.8
Katian445.2
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianUngurian477.7
CambrianFurongianStage 10MerionethDolgellian/TrempealeauanBatyrbaian485.4
Festiniogian489.2 *
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Maentwrogian493.1 *
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianSt DavidsAyusokkanian497
499.5
DrumianZhanaarykian500.5
Tuesaian503
Wuliuan504.5
505.3
Series 2Stage 4Caerfai509
Toyonian510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
525.5
Fortunian529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian538.8
Cryogenian635
Tonian720
Karatau800
MesoproterozoicStenian1000
Yurmatian1100
Ectasian1200
Burzyan1375
1400