PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
				Northgrippian					0.0042
				Greenlandian					0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian				0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian				0.129
				Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan				0.21
				Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan				0.774
				Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
				Gelasian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
				Zanclean					3.6
				Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian					5.333
				Tortonian					7.246
				Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian					13.82
				Burdigalian					15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
				Aquitanian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
						Monroecreekian			23.1 *
						Geringian			24.7 *
				Rupelian		Geringian			27.82
				Rupelian					29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian					37
				Bartonian					37.71
				Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
				Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1		60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1		61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
				Sinemurian					192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				538.8
		Cryogenian				635
		Tonian				720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000
		Ectasian				1200
		Calymmian				1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian				1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
									4600