PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian of North America		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian						0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian						0.129
				Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
				Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.774
				Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian						4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
				Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						11.63
				Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
						Monroecreekian					23.1 *
						Geringian					24.7 *
				Rupelian		Geringian					27.82
				Rupelian							29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
				Priabonian							37
				Bartonian							37.71
				Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
				Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan						41.2
				Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
				Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1				60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1				61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian	Wordian				264.28
			Roadian	Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian				Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian				427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian				429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
											1400