PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean													0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean													0.0004
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean													0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean													0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian													0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian													0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan													1.4
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †												2.58
				Zanclean														3.6
				Zanclean	Hemphillian													4.7
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian	Clarendonian													9.4
				Serravallian	Clarendonian													11.63
				Serravallian	Barstovian													12.5
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
					Hemingfordian													16.3
					Arikareean													18.5
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
				Rupelian														27.82
					Whitneyan													29.5
					Orellan													31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian													33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean													37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean													37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan													39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan													41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian													46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian													47.8
					Wasatchian													50.5
					Clarkforkian													54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian													56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian													56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian													59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian													60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian													61.6
				Danian	Puercan													63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian				Wordian	264.28
			Roadian				Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian					Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
									Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
									Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian									307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
									Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
											Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
									Morrowan		Westphalian A	318.4 *
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †				330.9
					Warnantian	Brigantian †			Meramecian	335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †				336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian				Osagean	346.7
					Ivorian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
					Hastarian				Kinderhookian	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian								Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
											Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
Gisbornian											Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian								Keila		Idavere †	453
				Haljala							453.9
				Kukruse							456.4 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †		457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Uhaku									458.4
				Lasnamagi									458.9 *
				Aseri									460.4 *
				Oeland								Kunda	462.9 *
											Valaste †/Hunderum	Kunda	464.3 *
												Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian											467.3
			Castlemainian				468.5 *
			Castlemainian				Billingen	469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Chewtonian					Latorp †				470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian										1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian										1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan										1375
																		1400