PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean		2.58
		Zanclean				3.6
			Hemphillian			4.7
				Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
			Clarendonian			9.4
				Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian				11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian		Shanwangian		13.82
		Burdigalian				15.98
			Hemingfordian			16.3
			Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan		16.9
			Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
		Rupelian				27.82
			Whitneyan			29.5
			Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian			47.8
			Wasatchian			50.5
			Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
						419.2