PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean											0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean											0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean											0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean											0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian											0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian											0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan											1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean	Hemphillian											4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian										7.246
				Tortonian	Clarendonian	Pannonian										9.4
				Serravallian	Clarendonian	Sarmatian										11.63
					Barstovian	Sarmatian										12.5
						Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
					Hemingfordian											16.3
					Arikareean											18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
					Whitneyan											29.5
					Orellan											31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian											33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean											37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean											37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan											39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan											41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian											46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian											47.8
					Wasatchian											50.5
					Clarkforkian											54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian											56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian											56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian											59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian											60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian											61.6
				Danian	Puercan											63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
			Wordian	Leine			264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
Drumian			500.5									Marjumian
Wuliuan			Topazan									504.5
Wuliuan			Delamaran									506.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Delamaran									Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran	514
			Montezuman	514.8 *
			Begadean	519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2		521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																635