International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Ten Million Year Bins | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
| Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | |||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | |
| Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | |||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | ||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||
| Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | |||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||
| Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | |||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | ||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||
| Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | |||||
| Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||
| Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||
| Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
| Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||
| Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
| Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
| Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
| Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||
| Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||
| Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
| Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | |||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||
| Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | ||||
| Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | |||||
| Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | |||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | |||
| Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | |||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | ||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | ||||
| Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | |||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | ||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | |||
| Katian | 445.2 | ||||||
| Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | ||||
| Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | |||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||
| Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | |||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | |||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||
| Paibian | 494 | ||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | 497 | ||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||
| Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | 504.5 | |||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | |||||
| Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | |||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||
| Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||
| 538.8 | |||||||