PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean							0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean							0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean							0.129
					Irvingtonian							0.21
							Castlecliffian					0.34
				Calabrian								0.774
					Blancan							1.4
							Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian					2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian					3
				Zanclean			Waipipian					3.6
							Opoitian					3.7
					Hemphillian		Opoitian					4.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian								7.246
					Clarendonian							9.4
						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian								11.63
					Barstovian							12.5
							Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian					13.82
							Clifdenian					15.1
						Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian								15.98
					Hemingfordian							16.3
					Arikareean							18.5
							Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian					23.03
							Duntroonian					25.2
							Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian								27.82
					Whitneyan							29.5
					Orellan							31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian							33.9
						Arnold	Runangan					34.6
							Kaiatan					36.7
					Duchesnean							37
				Bartonian								37.71
							Bortonian					39.1
					Uintan							39.7
				Lutetian								41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
							Heretaungan					45.7
					Bridgerian							46.2
				Ypresian								47.8
							Mangaorapan					48.9
					Wasatchian		Mangaorapan					50.5
					Wasatchian		Waipawan					52
					Clarkforkian		Waipawan					54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian		Teurian					56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian							56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian							59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian							60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian							61.6
				Danian	Puercan							63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian				86.3
			Turonian				89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian			Korangan	113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
			Bajocian					Humphresianum	168.4
			Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
			Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
			Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
			Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
			Wordian						264.28
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Artinskian						283.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian					383.7 *
				Early Givetian					385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
				Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian			443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian	449.7 *
			Sandbian			453
						Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian			468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
												1400