PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean			Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean								0.129
					Irvingtonian								0.21
									Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian									0.774
					Blancan								1.4
									Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian				2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian				3
				Zanclean					Waipipian				3.6
									Opoitian				3.7
					Hemphillian				Opoitian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian									7.246
					Clarendonian								9.4
								Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian									11.63
					Barstovian								12.5
									Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian									15.98
					Hemingfordian								16.3
					Arikareean								18.5
									Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
					Whitneyan								29.5
					Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian								33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
					Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian									37.71
									Bortonian				39.1
					Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian									41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
					Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian									47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
					Wasatchian				Mangaorapan				50.5
					Wasatchian				Waipawan				52
					Clarkforkian				Waipawan				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian				Teurian				56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian	Puercan								63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian				86.3
			Turonian				89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian			Korangan	113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian				Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian				Kuhfengian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian				Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian				Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian				Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian				Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian					Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
			Visean					Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10			Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
						Maentwrogian				493.1 *
			Paibian			Maentwrogian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids				Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian							499.5
			Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian						Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan						Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan							505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai					509
									Toyonian	510 *
									Botomian	512.5 *
Stage 3			514						Botomian
Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400