PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127468 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Australia		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean																0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean																0.0004
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean																0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean																0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian																0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian																0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan																1.4
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
				Zanclean																	3.6
				Zanclean	Hemphillian																4.7
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Tortonian	Clarendonian																9.4
				Serravallian	Clarendonian																11.63
				Serravallian	Barstovian																12.5
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
					Hemingfordian																16.3
					Arikareean																18.5
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
				Rupelian																	27.82
					Whitneyan																29.5
					Orellan																31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian																33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean																37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean																37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan																39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan																41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian																46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian																47.8
					Wasatchian																50.5
					Clarkforkian																54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian																56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian																56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian																59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian																60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian																61.6
				Danian	Puercan																63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian		251.902
			Wuchiapingian			254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian				Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian	Noginskian			Urzhumian	264.9 *
			Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian			Filipovian	276.8 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
				Rusavkinian			Irginian	287.6 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
Sheinwoodian		Wenlock	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian			Kosovian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
					Richmondian						446 *
									Eastonian		449 *
								Berounian			449.7 *
					Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian							450.4 *
			Mohawkian		Chatfieldian							451.1 *
									Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian										453
					Turinian							453.7 *
					Turinian							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian								Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian						458.4
								Dobrotivian							458.5 *
								Oretanian							459.7 *
						Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			Yapeenian	467.3
								Arenigian	Yapeenian	468
									Castlemainian	468.5 *
					Rangerian				Castlemainian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †			Chewtonian	470
													Bendigonian	471.8 *
													Lancefieldian	473.5 *
					Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
					Stairsian									480.3 *
					Skullrockian					Demingian †				482 *
										Demingian †			Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10													Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Paibian			494
		Paibian													Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Marjumian		Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan											Topazan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan											Delamaran			Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran		Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
		Stage 4											Dyeran			Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran			Nangaoian		514
													Montezuman					514.8 *
													Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian														Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian														Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian		Karatau															800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau															1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian															1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian															1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan															1375
																					1400