PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian					0.0042
				Greenlandian					0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
				Zanclean					3.6
				Zanclean	Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian					5.333
				Tortonian					7.246
				Tortonian	Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian	Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian	Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian					13.82
				Burdigalian					15.98
					Hemingfordian				16.3
					Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
				Rupelian					27.82
					Whitneyan				29.5
					Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian				47.8
					Wasatchian				50.5
					Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian	Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian		Rootsikula	427.4
				Gleedonian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
									1400