PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				Late Pleistocene				0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean				Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian				Middle Pleistocene				0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian				Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian				Early Pliocene				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian								9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian				Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene				15.98
			Hemingfordian								16.3
			Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene				23.03
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene				27.82
			Whitneyan								29.5
			Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian				Late Eocene				33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean				Late Eocene				37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean				Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian				Early Eocene				47.8
			Wasatchian								50.5
			Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian				Late Paleocene				56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian				Late Paleocene				56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian				Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				Middle Paleocene				60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian				Early Paleocene				61.6
		Danian	Puercan				Early Paleocene				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dobrotivian							458.5 *
			Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian							477.7
											485.4