PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean													Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean															0.0004
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean															0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean															0.129
					Irvingtonian															0.21
																			Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian																0.774
					Blancan															1.4
																			Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian				MN 17											Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian				MN 17											Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16											Mangapanian	2.58
								MN 16											Waipipian	3
								MN 15												3.2
				Zanclean																3.6
																			Opoitian	3.7
								MN 14												4.2
					Hemphillian			MN 14												4.7
								MN 13												4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian				MN 12												7.246
								MN 11												7.75
								MN 10												8.7
					Clarendonian			MN 10												9.4
								MN 9												9.7
								MN 9										Southland	Waiauan	11.04
								MN 7 + 8												11.1
				Serravallian																11.63
					Barstovian															12.5
								MN 6												12.8 *
								MN 6											Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian				MN 5											Lillburnian	13.82
																			Clifdenian	15.1
																		Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian				MN 4												15.98
					Hemingfordian			MN 4												16.3
					Hemingfordian			MN 3												16.9
					Arikareean															18.5
																			Otaian	18.7
								MN 2												20
				Aquitanian																20.44
																		Landon	Waitakian	21.7
								MN 1												22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
																			Duntroonian	25.2
																			Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian																27.82
					Whitneyan															29.5
					Orellan															31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian															33.9
																		Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																			Kaiatan	36.7
					Duchesnean															37
				Bartonian																37.71
																			Bortonian	39.1
					Uintan															39.7
				Lutetian																41.2
																		Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																			Heretaungan	45.7
					Bridgerian															46.2
Ypresian	47.8
	Mangaorapan			48.9
	Mangaorapan			Wasatchian	50.5
	Waipawan			Wasatchian	52
	Waipawan			Clarkforkian	54.9
Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian	56
	Thanetian			Tiffanian	56.2
	Selandian			Tiffanian	59.2
	Selandian			Torrejonian	60.9
	Danian			Torrejonian	61.6
	Danian			Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian				86.3
			Turonian				89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian			Korangan	113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian				125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian				Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian				Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian				Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	273.01
								Cathedralian	Bolorian	279.8
								Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian							283.5
									Yakhtashian	286
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan							419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran							422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan							Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu								445.2
						Vormsi								449.6 *
						Nabala								Johvi †	450 *
						Viru							Rakvere		450.6 *
													Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian		Keila								Idavere †	453
					Haljala									453.9
					Kukruse									456.4 *
					Uhaku								Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku									458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri									460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
						Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov									467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen									469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg									473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg									477.7
						Varangu									481.3 *
						Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort							485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																				1400