PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean									Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean												0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean												0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean												0.129
					Irvingtonian												0.21
															Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian													0.774
					Blancan												1.4
															Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian		3
				Zanclean											Waipipian		3.6
															Opoitian		3.7
					Hemphillian										Opoitian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian												Pannonian	7.246
					Clarendonian												9.4
														Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian												Sarmatian	11.63
					Barstovian											Sarmatian	12.5
																Badenian	12.8 *
															Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian		13.82
															Clifdenian		15.1
														Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian													15.98
					Hemingfordian												16.3
					Arikareean												18.5
															Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian		23.03
															Duntroonian		25.2
															Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
					Whitneyan												29.5
					Orellan												31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian												33.9
														Arnold	Runangan		34.6
															Kaiatan		36.7
					Duchesnean												37
				Bartonian													37.71
															Bortonian		39.1
					Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian													41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
															Heretaungan		45.7
					Bridgerian												46.2
				Ypresian													47.8
															Mangaorapan		48.9
					Wasatchian										Mangaorapan		50.5
					Wasatchian										Waipawan		52
					Clarkforkian										Waipawan		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian										Teurian		56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian												56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian												59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian												60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian												61.6
Puercan	63.8			Danian
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian					86.3
			Turonian					89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic		Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian				Korangan	113
			Aptian					117.5
			Barremian					121.4
			Hauterivian		Neocomian			125.77
			Valanginian					132.6
			Berriasian					139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian					Wordian	264.28
			Roadian					Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian						Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian							Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian			477.7
							Lianghekou †				477.9 *
							Lianghekou †				Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian			494
			Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian							497
			Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian							499.5
			Drumian		Mayan/Menevian							500.5
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan							509
					Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
					Botomian							512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian							514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian							515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian							521
			Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
			Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †						Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †						Wonokan †			571.7 *
																	635