PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Land Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean												0
				Meghalayan	Santarosean												0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean												0.014
				Chibanian	Rancholabrean												0.129
				Chibanian	Irvingtonian												0.21
				Calabrian	Irvingtonian												0.774
				Calabrian	Blancan												1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean	Hemphillian												4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian	Clarendonian												9.4
				Serravallian	Clarendonian												11.63
				Serravallian	Barstovian												12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
					Hemingfordian												16.3
					Arikareean												18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
					Whitneyan												29.5
					Orellan												31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian												33.9
				Priabonian	Duchesnean												37
				Bartonian	Duchesnean												37.71
				Bartonian	Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian	Uintan												41.2
				Lutetian	Bridgerian												46.2
				Ypresian	Bridgerian												47.8
					Wasatchian												50.5
					Clarkforkian												54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian												56
				Thanetian	Tiffanian												56.2
				Selandian	Tiffanian												59.2
				Selandian	Torrejonian												60.9
				Danian	Torrejonian												61.6
				Danian	Puercan												63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian			Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian		Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian		443.8
			Katian				Bolindian		445.2
							Eastonian		449 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian				Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian		470
							Bendigonian		471.8 *
							Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian				Warendian		482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian								Paibian		494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		Duyunian		509
Stage 3		Series 2	Nangaoian								514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian								530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan								1375
																	1400