PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of France	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan										56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian									Wordian		264.28
				Roadian									Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian										Hessian	281.9 *
				Artinskian										Hessian	283.5
				Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
				Sakmarian										Lenoxian	290.1
Asselian				Nealian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Pragian							Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian							Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Ashgill			Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan		445.2
										Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Eastonian				Cautleyan		449 *
										Pusgillian		449.3 *
							Caradoc			Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Gisbornian				Cheneyan			452 *
										Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian			Yapeenian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
						Yapeenian	Arenig			Fennian				468.4 *
						Castlemainian								468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian								470
						Chewtonian				Whitlandian				471.1 *
						Bendigonian								471.8 *
	Lancefieldian					473.5 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
							Cressagian	480.8 *
	Warendian						Cressagian	482.8 *
	Warendian							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
															4600