PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian			Pannonian					7.246
				Serravallian			Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian			Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan							56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian			100.5
									Middle Albian			106.2 *
									Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian					Late Aptian			113
				Aptian					Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian					Late Berriasian			139.8
									Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
									Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian					Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian					Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian			174.7
									Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
									Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian					Sevatian			208.5
									Alaunian			213.2 *
									Lacian			216.7 *
				Carnian					Tuvalian			227
				Carnian					Julian			233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian			237
				Ladinian					Fassanian			239.7 *
				Anisian					Illyrian			242
									Pelsonian			243.8 *
									Bithynian			244.7 *
									Aegean			245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian			247.2
				Olenekian					Smithian			248.9 *
				Induan					Dienerian			251.2
Griesbachian				Induan				251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
			Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
						Xiaodushanian			300 *
					Stephanian		Stephanian C		300.3 *
							Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A		301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Stephanian A		303.7
							Cantabrian		305 *
						Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D		307.4 *
							Westphalian C		309.8
							Westphalian B		314.6
			Bashkirian				Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
							Westphalian A		317 *
						Huashibanian	Westphalian A		318.5 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian		318.8 *
							Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Lousuan	Marsdenian		321.2 *
							Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
							Alportian		322 *
							Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
							Arnsbergian		324 *
							Pendleian		327.4 *
						Shangsian	Pendleian		330.8 *
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335 *
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
Katian			445.2
Sandbian			453
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	458.4
Middle Ordovician		Dapingian	467.3
Early Ordovician		Floian	470
Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400