PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian					2.58
				Piacenzian			Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean			Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian			Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian			Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian			Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian			Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian			Agenian					20
				Aquitanian			Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan							56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
				Wuchiapingian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian					Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
									Filipovian			276.5 *
									Saraninian			280.1 *
				Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
									Irginian			285.9 *
									Burtsevian			287.8 *
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
Tastubian				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian				Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian						Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian						Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian						Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian						Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian						Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian		323.2
			Visean				Chesterian		330.9
							Meramecian		335.8 *
							Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	Givetian			382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	Eifelian			390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	Emsian			393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400