PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian								358.9
					Middle Famennian								365.3 *
					Early Famennian								368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian								372.2
					Middle Frasnian								375.4 *
					Early Frasnian								379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian								382.7
					Middle Givetian								383.7 *
					Early Givetian								385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian		443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan			445.2
						Cautleyan			448.9 *
						Cautleyan	Eastonian		449 *
						Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Cheneyan	Gisbornian			452 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian			Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Yapeenian		467.3
					Arenig	Fennian			Yapeenian		468.4 *
									Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian		470
						Whitlandian			Chewtonian		471.1 *
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
						Cressagian					480.8 *
						Cressagian			Warendian		482.8 *
									Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3						Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8