PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian											33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan											56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian				Warepan								208.5
						Otamitan								217
						Oretian								221
		Carnian				Oretian								227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian				Etalian								238
		Anisian				Etalian								242
		Anisian				Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian								249
		Induan				Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan								251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian								254.14
						Puruhauan								254.2
						Puruhauan						Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian							Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian							Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian							Urzhumian	266
		Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Mangapirian							Irenian/Ufimian	276
													Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Telfordian		Sarginian	285
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
								Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan			509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian	514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
														538.8