PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 128152 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian				Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan					Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
											538.8