PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of France	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian			Mangapanian	2.58
												Villanyian			Waipipian	3
												Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean											Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Turolian		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian												7.246
												Vallesian				8.7
												Vallesian		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian								Astaracian			Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian											Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian								Orleanian			Altonian	15.98
												Orleanian			Otaian	18.7
												Agenian				20
				Aquitanian												20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									Waitakian	23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian	Kekeamuan											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian											33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian	41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian		Bumbanian									Heretaungan	47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
															Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan										Teurian	56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian											Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
															Mangaotanean	90.5
															Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan	93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
															Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		Motuan	100.5
															Urutawan	103.3
														Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian											Korangan	113
				Aptian												117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				Neocomian			125.77
Valanginian							132.6
Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
			Kimmeridgian					149.2
			Oxfordian					154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
			Bathonian					165.3
			Bajocian					168.2
			Aalenian					170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
			Pliensbachian					184.2
			Sinemurian					192.9
			Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian	259.51
			Wordian					Midian	264.28
			Wordian					Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian					Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian					Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian					Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian					Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien				408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †			Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †			Wonokan †		571.7 *
																635