PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan							56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian							Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	323.2
				Visean							Chesterian	330.9
											Meramecian	335.8 *
											Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian							Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian							Kinderhookian	351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian		382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian	Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10			Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian			Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian			Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids		497
			Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian		Caerfai	509
			Stage 3		Branchian			514
			Stage 3		Placentian			517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
												1400