PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of France	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan						56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian	66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic	100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
				Induan							251.2
				Induan					Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai		251.902
											252.4 *
									Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian					Chhidru		254.14
									Kalabagh		255 *
									Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian							264.28
											265.3 *
									Amb		266.1 *
				Roadian					Amb		266.9
				Roadian							270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
				Artinskian							283.5
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
				Kasimovian							303.7
				Moscovian							307
				Bashkirian							315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
				Visean							330.9
				Tournaisian							346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian			358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian			382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Couvinien			387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien			408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Stage 10		Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian		489.5
			Paibian		Idamean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian		Boomerangian		499
			Drumian		Undillan		500.5
			Drumian		Floran		503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian		504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian	Early Cambrian	509
			Stage 4				510.8 *
			Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
											1400