PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Australia	Permian of North America		Permian of China	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian												Pannonian			7.246
		Serravallian												Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian												Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian				Roadian		Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian									273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian															283.5
								Longlinian									285.4 *
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian										290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	Zisongian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian									298.9
		Gzhelian															300.1
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian				393.3
		Pragian			Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †					445.2
		Katian	Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dobrotivian								458.5 *
			Oretanian								459.7 *
				Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †							467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Payntonian												486.8 *
			Payntonian												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian								Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian								Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Idamean								Paibian					494
		Paibian	Idamean								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian								Guzhangian					499
		Drumian	Undillan								Drumian					500.5
		Drumian	Floran								Drumian					503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian								Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			504.5
			Templetonian										Delamaran			506.5
			Ordian													507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian								Duyunian				Waucoban †	509
																510.8 *
													Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3									Nangaoian		Dyeran			514
													Montezuman			514.8 *
													Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian					530.7
																	538.8