PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of North America				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of North America	Permian of the Pamirs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan														56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														Dorashamian	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Dzhulfian	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian					Midian	259.51
				Wordian									Wordian					Midian	264.28
				Wordian									Wordian					Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian									Roadian					Murgabian	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian				Kubergandian	273.01
														Cathedralian				Bolorian	279.8
														Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian															283.5
																		Yakhtashian	286
													Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Yakhtashian	286.1 *
				Sakmarian										Lenoxian				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian										Nealian				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Kasimovian															303.7
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian															382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian															387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian		445.2
						Richmondian		446 *
						Richmondian	Eastonian	449 *
						Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian			450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian						453
						Turinian			453.7 *
				Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian			467.3
							Castlemainian			468.5 *
						Rangerian	Castlemainian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
										Bendigonian	471.8 *
										Lancefieldian	473.5 *
						Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tulean					477.7
						Stairsian					480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
									Demingian †	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian		Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
						487.5									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan
						Festiniogian									489.2 *
			Jiangshanian			Festiniogian									489.5
			Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian									493.1 *
			Paibian			Maentwrogian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian				St Davids					497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian				Caerfai					509
		Series 2	Stage 3												514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635