PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan			150
										Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian								Warepan			208.5
										Otamitan			217
										Oretian			221
		Carnian								Oretian			227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian								Etalian			238
		Anisian								Etalian			242
		Anisian								Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian			249
		Induan								Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan	Buntsandstein		251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian								Waiitian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Puruhauan			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian								Flettian	Leine		264.28
		Wordian								Barettian	Leine		266
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Kungurian								Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian								Mangapirian			283.5
										Telfordian			285
													288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
								Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †				497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian	Topazan					504.5
							Topazan					505.3
							Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †				509
						Toyonian						510 *
						Toyonian	Dyeran					511 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
							Montezuman					514.8 *
						Atdabanian	Montezuman					515.6 *
						Atdabanian	Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian									529
													538.8