PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China			Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian										Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian										Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian										Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian										33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan										56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Late Famennian		358.9
											Middle Famennian		365.3 *
											Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Southwoodian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Southwoodian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
													485.4